Given the ongoing advancement of technology, programming languages are now considered to be the foundation of all new developments. They serve as the basis for a vast variety of instruments that are utilized by every industry and organization. Without them, modern technology would not be possible. This blog discusses the most widely used programming languages to assist you in selecting the one that will work the best for your product.
The state of programming languages nowadays is quite exciting. The ecology, community, and accessibility of programmers are all crucial variables to take into account in the context of today's complex business models. While the list of popular programming languages changes over time, businesses looking to develop a new product or update an existing one will want to future-proof their concepts with a programming language that is supported by knowledgeable IT staff and adaptable enough to handle the task now and in the future.
The most popular programming languages in 2025 include:
Python
Python, which was developed in the 1980s, has continued to develop over the years, surpassing Java to become one of the top programming languages according to the TIOBE Programming Community Index in October 2021, which takes into account a number of qualified engineers, training programs, and outside vendors.
Advantages of Python
Because Python is based on English grammar, it is approachable and suitable for a range of programming requirements. Python is a well-known language with a large community, strong libraries, and numerous frameworks.
Disadvantages of Python
Python is an interpreted language without multithreading, which can occasionally cause speed issues. Due to the substantial use of libraries and the jobs' extensive use of active objects, it might be memory-intensive.
What purpose serves Python?
Python is a versatile programming language that is frequently referred to as a "universal language," making it perfect for desktop apps, online apps, and software. It can be used for machine learning, AI, and data analysis.
Java
After Kotlin, Java is Google's preferred language for Android development.
Advantages of Java
Due to its extensive use over a long period of time, which has helped the language improve and expand through the huge network of community support, frameworks, and libraries, Java is quick and dependable.
Disadvantages of Java
Java takes longer to develop because of its complicated code and tight grammatical requirements. Python is slower than Java, but Java uses a lot of memory.
What does Java do?
On a variety of platforms, including mobile apps, AI, big data, online applications, etc., Java aids in the development of high-performance software. The most popular programming language for mobile or in-game console games is definitely Java.
C and C++
The oldest languages are C and C++, which respectively hold positions 2 and 4 on the TIOBE index, with C taking the second spot from Java.
Advantages of C++ and C
Mid-level languages C and C++ have excellent cross-platform portability. In order to speed up execution, C++ uses dynamic memory allocation in addition to being general, imperative, and object-oriented.
Disadvantages of C++ and C
Complex and interactive, C++ is similar to C. Due to pointers' complex syntax and lack of support for garbage collection, debugging is challenging. Although C is not as secure as C++, "memory unsafety" raises security issues with both languages.
What purposes do C and C++ serve?
C is used for system programming, embedded computing, OS kernels, but both can be used to create applications. C++ is primarily used for software with plenty of visuals, including games.
Javascript
JavaScript may not hold the top rank in the TIOBE index, but it tops the list of development languages according to data from the previous year's GitHub poll.
Advantages of JavaScript
Because of its adaptability and capacity to simplify complicated integrations, JavaScript offers a remarkable digital experience. It may be used to build complex user interfaces and experiences because it is also incredibly quick and uses a basic syntax.
Disadvantages of JavaScript
JavaScript is susceptible to client-side security problems and is interpreted differently by different browsers. Most people typically disable JavaScript out of concern for their security.
What is the purpose of JavaScript?
The creation of online apps, single-page apps (SPAs), and native desktop and mobile applications are all best suited for JavaScript.
C#
One of the "core" languages, C#, has maintained its popularity throughout time. Microsoft created the.NET programming language C#.
Advantages of C#
Because C# is based on object-oriented programming, it allows for better management and allows for incremental app development. The C# programming language has syntax that is similar to human language and is enhanced by Visual Studio.
Disadvantages of C#
Cons of C# Because of its two-stage compilation, C# performs nearly as well as C++. It is dependent on.NET, which could not be compatible with the rest of the tech stack and calls for even more expertise.
What is used with C#?
C# is the best language to use when creating Windows desktop applications and backend/server-side architecture. Nevertheless, it can be utilized across platforms and even for the creation of mobile apps (Xamarin employs C#). The Unity game engine's primary language for game production is C#.
R
Similar to the S language, R is a programming language and libre environment created at Bell Laboratories.
Advantages of R
R is known for producing potent graphics and streamlining published work, and it is open-source and easier to access. Various operating systems are compatible with R.
Disadvantages of R
R is vulnerable to security issues because it is known for being sluggish and receiving poor support.
What does R do?
R is used for graphics and statistical computing (tests, time-series analysis, clustering, and modeling).
GO
Google created the open-source programming language Go (Golang) for server-side networking and infrastructure, but it has now been expanded to serve additional purposes.
Advantage of GO
Go, a language developed by Google, adheres to the custom of keeping things straightforward, making it simple to use and understand.
Disadvantage of GO
Since Go is still considered to be a "young" language, there hasn't been as much time to create extensive frameworks, and libraries, or iron out the language's bugs (e.g., inconsistencies do arise).
Where does GO fit in?
Although it can be used for DevOps, cloud, artificial intelligence, data science, and even some games, Go is primarily utilized for server-side / backend systems.
Swift
Apple's Swift is an iOS programming language that Apple released in 2014 and made open-source the following year.
Advantage of Swift
Swift has the essential qualities of "safety, fastness, and expressiveness," making it the perfect language for new language programmers learning with the Swift Playgrounds. Both existing Objective-C code and Cocoa frameworks are compatible with Swift.
Disadvantage of Swift
Swift is still a young programming language with a limited number of libraries, frameworks, and tools as well as experienced developers. Due to its heavy reliance on third-party devices, Swift may have compatibility problems.
What's the use of Swift?
Linux, iOS, iPadOS, MacOS, tvOS, watchOS, and tvOS apps.
PHP
PHP consistently ranks at the top, but usage has decreased. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that is integrated into HTML.
Advantages of PHP
PHP is renowned for its brevity, speed, and adaptability. PHP has an easy-to-understand syntax and is open-source. All major databases offer strong support for PHP, and it is portable to all systems and supported by a wide variety of frameworks.
Disadvantage of PHP
Since PHP is an interpreted language, it executes more slowly. PHP is not a rigid language, so when it is worked on by numerous teams or over time, PHP code may end up being poorly organized.
What does PHP do?
Over 78% of all websites with known server-side programming utilize PHP as their primary server-side programming language. PHP has specific characteristics for databases and may be used for both static and dynamic/interactive web pages, applications, and eCommerce platforms.
Kotlin
In 2017, Google made Kotlin the official programming language for creating Android applications, replacing Java with a clear, potent language that addresses all the issues Java developers had.
Advantages of Kotlin
Kotlin is open-source, established, and maintained. Kotlin surpasses Java by being more straightforward, more powerful, and less error-prone. Compared to Java, Kotlin is easier to set up and requires less maintenance.
Disadvantages of Kotlin
Training can be expensive if you're coming from Java, and there aren't as many Kotlin experts.
What is the purpose of Kotlin?
The majority of Kotlin's applications are for Android, and it is frequently used to rewrite Java apps.